This guide does NOT involve building the source code, this is for the prebuilt, Release 1 version for ease of access. Also please keep in mind this is my first Gamebanana tutorial, so unfortunately no table of contents.
Installation
First, you'll need to download the RSDKv5 Decompilation, as well as the Mania Decompilation (obviously.)If you get confused downloading stuff from Github, don't fret. Look to the right of the page. Now look down a little. See that little thing that says "Releases"? Click that. Then click on your OS of choice.
(NOTE, THIS VERSION IS VERY OUTDATED, however is the most accessible option. If you don't mind risking having an outdated version without Plus for now, feel free to continue on.)

Next you'll want to pick out a folder somewhere to extract everything to. I'll call mine "SMDecomp" for now.
Open up the ZIP and RAR files that came from the GitHub, and follow this for each file. I'll only be covering the Windows version, as that's what I have.
RSDKv5
1) Open "Windows"2) Open either the "32-bit" or "x64" files, depending on what type of processor your device has. (do your own research)
3) Select both files and extract them into your dedicated game folder.
Sonic Mania
1) Select which version of the game you'll be using, corresponding to which RSDKv5 version you extracted earlier, and drag it into your dedicated game folder. 2) Rename it to "Game.dll" without quotes.
Technically, it's ready to boot up. However it won't have any graphics. To remedy this, navigate to your Sonic Mania installation,
(for Steam, open your Library, Right-Click on Sonic Mania, click Properties, click Local Files, then click Browse...)
Then select "Data.rsdk", copy it, and paste it into your dedicated Extraction folder.
(This is to coerce you into actually, uh, BUYING THE GAME. We do not condone piracy.)
Your folder should look identical to this.

And there you go, you're ready to play the Sonic Mania Decompilation!
Extra tips, if you'd like to port your save files over, locate your Sonic Mania Save Directory
(for Steam users, it's under "%PROGRAMFILES(X86)%\Steam\userdata\\584400\remote\SaveData")
and copy over any .bin files you see.
To install mods, simply create a folder titled "mods" without quotes. To enable them, download the RSDK Mod Manager, or enable the Developer Menu, where there's a new Mods tab included.
If pre-existing sprite replacer/music/stage/Non-DLL mods aren't working for the Decomp, go into the mod's folder, open mod.ini with Notepad, and add at the end "TargetVersion=5", it should work perfectly fine now.